Today's focus
Equities Global marketsCentral banks Rates & policyTechnology AI & innovationEnergy Commodities & supplyGlobal trade Business & geopolitics
Geopolitics•September 22, 2026

The Mecca Pact and the Limits of Burden-Shifting

The Mecca Joint Defense Agreement, signed Aug. 7 by Turkey, Pakistan and Saudi Arabia, is the clearest signal that the Middle East is responding to the

The Mecca Pact and the Limits of Burden-Shifting

The Mecca Joint Defense Agreement, signed Aug. 7 by Turkey, Pakistan and Saudi Arabia, is the clearest signal that the Middle East is responding to the new U.S. strategy predicated on burden-sharing and burden-shifting. However, the pact’s failure to rush to Riyadh’s defense when the Houthis began attacking Saudi Arabia earlier this month has caused […]

This article is for subscribers only

Join thousands of readers who rely on GPF for clear-eyed geopolitical analysis.

$89 per year Save 18% vs. monthly

✓Full access to all daily analysis & forecasts

✓George Friedman's geopolitical insights

✓2026 Forecast & Special Collection on the Middle East

✓100% reader-supported

Subscribe Now

30-day money-back guarantee


Already a subscriber? Log in

This story was published with source attribution. Read the original source ↗

Join the conversation